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G. S. STANNARII Heating Stove. No. 90,885. Patented June 1, 1869'.

ji enior 7 7,? na 5 6 6 UNITED STATES PATENT 'QFFIGE.

G. S. STANARD, OF BUFFALO, NElV YORK.

BASE-BURNING- STOVE.

Speeifieation forming part of Letters Patent No. 90,885, dated June 1, 1869.

new and useful Improvements in Base-Burning Stoves for Soft or Bituminous Coal; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification.

Before proceeding to describe the nature of my improvements, and for the purpose of more clearly defining the same, I will briefly state the leading features of the stove to which they relate, and which I am aware are not new or of my invention.

These are, first, a fuel-magazine located above the fire-pot, so that as the fuel in the fire-pot consumes, fresh fuel will pass therein by gravitation from the magazine; and, secondly, a shell or jacket surrounding the fuel-magazine, and forming an annular flue through which the air for combustion-is conducted to the fire and directed upon the top thereof in downward currents, the purpose of this downward draft being to prevent the ignition of the fuel in the magazine and the ac cumulation of explosive gases therein, and also to produce a more perfect combustion where bituminous coals are used for fuel.

My invention consists, first, in making lateral openings through the sides of the fuelmagazine, near the bottom thereof, and communicating with the surrounding annular flue, so that the air for combustion will strike the tire with a combined inward and downward draft, whereby the greater portion of the smoke and gases evolved from the fresh fuel as it ignites will be carried through the mass of live coals in the fire-pot and consumed; second, in perforating the sides of the fuelmagazine near the top thereof, so as to put it in communication with the surrounding annular fine, so that the gases evolved from the partial coking of the coal which takes place in the magazine under the influence of the heat from the ignited fuel in the fire-pot may freely escape into said flue and mingling with the air-current passing down the flue be carried therewith into the fire and consumed; third, in suspending the magazine from the top plate of the stove by an encircling flange in connect-ion with a guide-ring at the bottom, so that by means of alever attached to the magazines and projecting through a proper slot in the outer shell the magazine may be vibrated and the fuel therein caused to descend as required to feed the fire.

1n the accompanying drawings, Figure I is a central vertical section of my improved stove, and Fig. 11 is a horizontal section in line a or, showing a plan of the top of the magazine, except a portion of one side, which is broken away to exhibit the construction of the lower part of the magazine.

Like letters of reference designate like parts in both of the figures.

The drawings represent a cylindrical returnflue stove, in which A is the magazine; B, the fire-pot; O, the grate; D, the ash-pit; E, the annular air-space surrounding the magazinc; and F, the outer and combustion chamher.

The magazine is preferably made of slightly conical form, as shown, to facilitate the descent of the coal therein. The body may be made of sheet-iron, attached at the top'to a cast portion, A, formed with a rim or flange, a, at the upper edge, by which the magazine is suspended by this flange overlapping the edges of the opening in the top plate G of the stove. H is the cover to the magazine, formed with a small aperture, 0, which may be closed by a sliding or rotating disk or other suitable means, as may be desired. At the bottom of the magazine is a ring-casting, I, formed with two upwardly-projectingconcentric flanges, ti the outer one, 2, of which is attached to and supported by the cylinder or case L,- which is suspended at the top from a plate, M, as shown, and which incloses and forms the annular airspace E. The inner flange 2' conforms in size to the bottom of the magazine, of which it may be said to form a short extension, the lower portion of the latter being fitted to the flange i so as to rotate or vibrate thereon, as will presently be described. This flange t is cast with a seriesof openings, 0 c, for the ingress of air from the space E to the coal within. The two flanges t i may be connected by webs or stays t? to prevent 'arping and to give them greater rigidity.

Air to the space E may be supplied through an opening or openings, m, in the top plate,

closed and regulated by a slide or other suitable means, or it may be furnished with the requisite supply by a pipe or pipes, at, extending up from the bottom of the, stove, as shown, or outside of the stove, and opening into the space above plate M, as may be preferred.

To the upper portion A of the magazine is attached an arm, p, which extends outward through a horizontal slot in the case of the stove below the top plate and above the plate M, as shown in Fig. 1, by which the magazine can be vibrated, should this ever become necessary from the coal sticking and clogging therein. The arm 19 has attached to it a segmental strip, q, fitting within the case of the stove and over the slot in the same, so as to prevent the undue entrance of air. 8 s are small apertures for the escape of the gas from the magazineinto the downward draft through the annular space E.

If desired, the air-space E may be dispensed with by forming the casting I into a hollow ring, with a pipe or pipes communicating therewith through the bottom or sides of the stove to supply the requisite air, which would be admitted to the fire through openings, in a manner similar to that before described. Or, instead of an annular space entirely surrounding the magazine, one or more vertical pipes extending alongside of the magazine, with the gas-apertures 8 opening therein, may be substituted, although I prefer the construction shown.

In the combustion of bituminous coal, gas and hydrocarbon "apors in great quantities are freely generated, more or less of which pass off unconsumed, and are consequently wasted, unless the stove is properly constructed for the purpose. By the use of my improved stove the gas and vapors which are generated within the ring I, where the coal is first ignited, are compelled to pass downward through the body of incandescent coal before they can escape, which decomposes them, and, in connection with the free supply of air from the two sources, both from the top and bottom of the fire, a most perfect combustion. of them is insured, as they escape with the other products through the contracted space between the top of the fire-pot and casting I into the combustion-chamber.

The inward as well as the downward action of the draft through the apertures c 0 causes the most active combustion around the outer portions of the mass of coal, so that the coal in contact with the sides of the lower portion of the magazine will be consumed first, which will allow the expansion of the coal, which, with the bituminous variety, is considerable and also by keeping the coal free from the sides of the mouth of the magazine it greatly facilitates its descent. The supply of air in this manner to the periphery of the fire and near the point where the gases generated within the mass must escape, renders the combustion of them more certain.

"When only a slow fire is required, the inlets to the space E can be closed and the drafthole in the cover of the magazine opened, through which a sufficient amount of air will be supplied to keep alive the fire without that waste which would result from a more rapid combustion. The supply of air beneath the grate can be regulated in the ordinary manner.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The lateral openings 0 0 near the base of the magazine, in combination with the air-supply flue E, so as to give the draft an inward and downward direction through the fire, as described.

2. The gas-escapes s s, communicating directly with the flue E, so as to cause the re turn of the gases to the fire, as described.

3. suspending the magazine by the flange a at the top, in connection with the guidering 2' at the bottom, so that it may be vibrated, substantially as described.

G. S. STANARD. 

